Drift fence and camera trap surveys are wildlife monitoring techniques that funnel animals along a fence, delaying them long enough to capture their images with a camera trap. Pepperwood initiated this type of monitoring in 2024, using the California Department of Fish and Wildlife protocols at four drift-fence monitoring locations on the preserve. Notably, one of the four stations can report in real time through experimental AI technology that automatically detects and reports, increasing data collection efficiency and responsiveness.

Historically, traditional camera-trap surveys have not effectively documented ectotherms and small mammals. This is primarily because these animals often move quickly out of the field of view or get too close to the camera to be detected. However, the camera traps on the drift fences use a modified focal distance of 16-20 inches (~40-50 cm) instead of the traditional 8-10 feet (~2.5-3 m).

Monitoring small mammals and ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is crucial because these species serve as indicators of ecosystem health and biodiversity. Specifically, the populations and variety of these species can reveal changes in habitats, climate, and other environmental factors. Additionally, these species fulfill important ecological roles, such as seed dispersal and pest control, underscoring their value in maintaining ecosystem stability and resilience.